Computer Architecture and Organization:

Transcription

1 Computer Architecture and Organization: Introductory lecture By: A. H. Abdul Hafez 1

2 Outlines 1. What is computer? 2. What is this course looking at? Computer architecture and organization. 3. Course syllabus 4. Detailed syllabus 2

3 What is a Computer? Computer system is subdivided into two functional entities: 1. Hardware: the electronic components and electromechanical devices that comprise the physical entity of the computer. 2. Software: a collection of programs to make effective use of the computer. 3

4 What is a Computer? 4

5 What is a Computer? The hardware of the computer is divided into three major parts: 1. The central processing unit (CPU): contains arithmetic and logic unit, a number of registers, and control unit. 2. Main memory: it is usually a random access memory RAM. 3. Input-output: electronic components for communication and data transfer between computer and outside world. 5

6 Structure - Top Level Peripherals Computer Central Processing Unit Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection Communication lines Input Output 6

7 Structure - The CPU CPU I/O Computer System Bus Memory CPU Registers Internal CPU Interconnection Arithmetic and Login Unit Control Unit 7

8 Structure - The Control Unit Control Unit ALU CPU Internal Bus Registers Control Unit Sequencing Logic Control Unit Registers and Decoders Control Memory 8

9 The Course is Looking at! We look at providing the basic knowledge necessary to understand the hardware operations of a computer system. We have two points of view to that: 1. Computer architecture: is concerned with the structure and behavior of the computer as seen by the user (programmer). It includes: formats, instruction set, memory addressing, etc. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? 2. Computer organization: is concerned with the way the hardware components operate and are implemented, i.e. the way they are connected together. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? 9

10 Course Syllabus, 1semester CO course 1. Review of digital logic and data representation, 1 week; 2. Register transfer and micro-operations, 2 weeks; 3. Basic computer organization and design, 2 weeks; 4. Central processing unit, 2 weeks; 5. Control unit and Micro-programmed control 2 weeks; 6. Computer Arithmetic, 2 week; 7. Memory system organization, 1 week; 8. Input output organization, 1 week; 9. Pipeline and vector processing ½ week; 10. Multi-Processors, ½ week. 10

11 Prerequisite and texts. 1. Prerequisite: logic circuit design. 2. TEXT BOOKS: T1: Computer System Architecture M.Morris Mano, III Edition,Pearson/PHI. T2: Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals - M. Morris Mano and Charles Kime, IV Edition. 3. REFERENCE BOOKS: R1: Stallings William, Computer Organization & Architecture - VI Edition.PHI/Pearson R2: Tanenbaum Andrew S, Structured computer Organization -IV Edition.PHI/Pearson R3: Sivaraama Dandamudi Springer, Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design -Int.Edition. 11

12 Details of syllabus 1-Review of logic circuits Revisions include : 1. Gates 2. Combinational systems like: 1. Arithmetic circuits, 2. Encoders, decoders, and multiplexers 3. Sequential logic: 1. Flip-flops (SR, JK, D, and T ), 2. Shift registers and counters. 4. Memory basic element 5. Programmable logic 12

13 The end of the Lecture Thanks for your time Questions are welcome 13