TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM-LEVEL SIMULATION. S.P. Levitan and D.M. Chiarulli University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA

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1 MULTI-LEVEL LEVEL MIXED- TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM-LEVEL SIMULATION S.P. Levitan and D.M. Chiarulli University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA

2 Collaborators and Support Jose A. Martinez, Mark Kahrs, Jason Bakos,, Craig Windish,, Jason Boles, Dave Reed University of Pittsburgh Timothy P. Kurzweg Drexel University John Hansson,, Michael Wiesser Schott Fiber Optics Charles Kuznia Peregrine Semiconductor National Science Foundation, DARPA, AFOSR, Schott Fiber Optics

3 Motivation: CAD for Mixed-Signal Multi- Domain Systems Next generation micro-systems will utilize multiple technologies to perform sensing, computing, control, communications,, and actuation tasks for diverse applications. Electronics vlsi.stanford.edu/smart_memories/testchips.html + The design and analysis of these systems is challenging: spanning multiple technologies, energy domains, length, and time-scales in a tightly coupled but heterogeneous micro- system Chatoyant Multi Domain System Simulator Performs end to end system level simulations Analyzes performance of novel multi-technology technology microsystems Optics + Micromechanics Research.htm

4 Multi-Domain & Multi-Level Tools Domains Optics Opto-Electronics Electronics Micro-Mechanics Packaging Abstraction Levels System Performance System Behavior Component Chatoyant simulation backbone Simulation & Evaluation Tools Synthesis & Extraction Physics

5 Evaluation / Simulation Choices HW/SW New(obj2); Performance Evaluation Discrete Event Simulation Functions After 10 ns; ODE Solvers PDE Solvers Components Choices: Co-simulation Reduced order models Back-end simulation More detailed models at higher levels Multi-level simulation Multi-granularity simulation Elements Physics

6 System Level Multi-Domain Modeling Partition the system into components Approach reflects hierarchy reduces complexity provides technology based interfaces Capture the interaction between components by a discrete event model (multi-domain energy signals) Optical, Electrical, Mechanical, etc. x(t) F 1 (x 1,s 1,t) x(t) F 3 (x 3,s 3,t) F 2 (x 2,s 2,t) Model the dynamics of the multi- domain components by a set of piecewise linear ODEs for each of the elements in the component E 1 E 2 E4 E 2 E 1 E 3 F(x,s,t) t Perform full system simulation in minutes vs. hours (or days) E 5 E 4

7 Piecewise Linear Fast Solver Modified Nodal Analysis MNA composition In Component Linear Non-linear MNA template g u Piecewise model Linear solver (s domain) Out Nodal Analysis (Template based formulation) : Support for: Electronics Full Spectre/Spice Netlists Mechanics Structural Netlists

8 Piecewise Linear Mechanical Models General motion equation for a mechanical structure [ M ][ U& ] + [ B][ U& ] + [ K][ U ] = F Reduction to standard ODE form applying Duncan s s state transformation 0 M U& M 0 U& 0 = F M B + U K U I & 0 Templates for every basic element (e.g. beam, plate) X U& = ; [ Mb] X& + [ Mk] X U = [ Ε] F

9 Chatoyant Mechanical Models Beams Two Nodes, 6 DOF per node Euler - Bernoulli Beam Equations Plates Four Nodes, 6 DOF per node Kirchoff Thin Plate Equations Beam Element Plate Element u 8 u 11 u 10 u 7 u 10 u 11 u 12 u 9 u 18 u 17 u 16 u 4 u u 21 6 u 3 u u5 19 u 2 u 20 u 1 u 5 u 4 u 6 u 3 u 15 u 9 u 14 u 13 u 2 u 1 u 24 u 22 u 12 u 8 u23 u 7

10 Linearizing Multivariable Functions u 2 u 3 u 3 F(u 1,u 2,u 3 ) u 1 u 1 u 2 3D function Recursive decomposition into hypercubes Triangulate each hypercube into hyper-simplices I ds (ma) Vds(v) 2D (NMOS) Vgs(v)

11 Recursive Linearization of NMOS (BSIM-4)

12 (1) RF MEMS Switch System Electromechanical capacitance shunt switch designed for Low voltage actuation From University of Michigan RF Signal Center Capacitor Serpentine Springs Actuation Pad Coplanar Waveguide

13 System Simulation Model Electro-mechanical interactions Driving and signal voltages Mechanical switch Transmission lines Output Display DC Bias ~0 Square wave (100Hz 1.5KHz) Bias Switch Rf Input (40GHz) RF Switch Output Display

14 End to End Simulation Electrical response of switch operation ff pf Electro-mechanical response of switch RF Signal - Switch Actuation RF Switch Release

15 (2) GLV OMEM Projection Display System Prism Opto-Mechanical Interactions Lens GLV Screen Focal Plane Down ribbons Color Wheel Incident Reflected Reflected Incident Reflected Optical Input Up ribbons Ribbons 1/4 l O th Mode +1 st Mode +3 rd Mode Silicon Light Machines:

16 Speed / Fidelity Trade Offs Ribbon Flexure vs. Voltage 11 node model 128x128 meshed wavefront 512x512 meshed wavefront 41 node model Mesh 128x x512 Segments Mech Optical System Mech Optical System Seconds on a Dual Pentium 1.7GHz /Xeon with 4GB RAM

17 (3) OE-MCM Fiber Image Guide Optical Cross-Bar Switch Flip-chip bond VCSEL and detector chips to CMOS die Epoxy assembled elements to sides of image guide glass Bump-bond CMOS chips to PCB (supplies, electronic I/O) Chip 2 Chip 1 Chip 3

18 Analog/Digital Electronics and Optics 250 µm

19 Model Validation Optical input coupled to optic from VCSEL Output measured at test pin Single chip/single channel tested at 500MHz Bandwidth limitation due to signal source Test setup 500 MHz eye diagram Chatoyant Simulation

20 Conclusions System Level modeling Multi-domain, mixed-signal modeling is essential for complex multi-technology technology systems Verification of end-to to-end behavior provides feedback to system designer early in design flow Multi-Level (multi-scale) simulation provides enough accuracy and reduces complexity Piecewise linear solver supports speed/fidelity tradeoff for designer