Bridging Applications

Transcription

1 Bridging Applications Titlepae Applications & Gateways

2 Copyright Notice Document Copyright 2002-present by Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States government is subject to the restrictions set forth in DFARS (c)(1)(ii) and FAR Liability Disclaimer Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc. ( Aprisma ) reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. In all cases, the reader should contact Aprisma to inquire if any changes have been made. The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice. IN NO EVENT SHALL APRISMA, ITS EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AGENTS, OR AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF APRISMA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, HAS KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Trademark, Service Mark, and Logo Information SPECTRUM, IMT, and the SPECTRUM IMT/VNM logo are registered trademarks of Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc., or its affiliates. APRISMA, APRISMA MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES, the APRISMA MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES logo, MANAGE WHAT MATTERS, DCM, VNM, SpectroGRAPH, SpectroSERVER, Inductive Modeling Technology, Device Communications Manager, SPECTRUM Security Manager, and Virtual Network Machine are unregistered trademarks of Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc., or its affiliates. For a complete list of Aprisma trademarks, service marks, and trade names, go to All referenced trademarks, service marks, and trade names identified in this document, whether registered or unregistered, are the intellectual property of their respective owners. No rights are granted by Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc., to use such marks, whether by implication, estoppel, or otherwise. If you have comments or concerns about trademark or copyright references, please send an to spectrum-docs@aprisma.com; we will do our best to help. Restricted Rights Notice (Applicable to licenses to the United States government only.) This software and/or user documentation is/are provided with RESTRICTED AND LIMITED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR (June 1987) Alternate III(g)(3) (June 1987), FAR (June 1987), or DFARS (c)(1)(ii) (June 1988), and/or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR or DFARS, or in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement, as applicable. Contractor/manufacturer is Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc. In the event the government seeks to obtain the software pursuant to standard commercial practice, this software agreement, instead of the noted regulatory clauses, shall control the terms of the government's license. Virus Disclaimer Aprisma makes no representations or warranties to the effect that the licensed software is virus-free. Aprisma has tested its software with current virus-checking technologies. However, because no antivirus system is 100 percent effective, we strongly recommend that you write-protect the licensed software and verify (with an antivirus system in which you have confidence) that the licensed software, prior to installation, is virus-free. Contact Information Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc. 273 Corporate Drive Portsmouth, NH Phone: U.S. toll-free: Web site: Device Management Page 2 Bridging Applications

3 Contents INTRODUCTION 5 Purpose and Scope...5 Other Applications Documents...5 Summary of This Document...6 ETHERNET SPECIAL DATABASE APPLICATION 7 Ethernet Special Database Table View...7 Special Database Filter View...9 Filter-To-Port Mapping Table View...9 Delete Filter-To-Port Mapping Table View...10 SPANNING TREE APPLICATION 11 Spanning Tree Information View...11 Spanning Tree Port Configuration View...13 STATIC APPLICATION 15 Static Database Table View...15 Static Database Entry View...16 Creating a Static Database Entry...17 TRANSPARENT APPLICATION 18 Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table...18 Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table...19 Transparent Bridge Information View...19 Forwarding Database table...20 PPP BRIDGING APPLICATION 22 PPP Bridge Configuration View...22 PPP Bridge Configuration Table View...22 PPP Bridge Table View...23 PPP Bridge Media Table...23 PPP Bridge Media Configuration Table...24 SOURCE ROUTING APPLICATION 25 Source Route Port Pair Table View Source Route Bridge Configuration Table View...26 Source Route Bridge Statistics Table View...26 TRANSLATION APPLICATION 28 Token Ring To Ethernet Translation View...28 IBM Protocol Translation View SNAP Packet Translation View...30 QBRIDGE APPLICATION 31 General Configuration View...31 Current Vlan Table View...32 Vlan Static Table View...33 Vlan Statistics View Vlan HC Statistics View Vlan Unicast View Vlan Multicast View Device Management Page 3 Bridging Applications

4 Contents Contents Forward All Table View...37 Forward All Unregistered Table View...38 Port Vlan Table...39 Learning Constraints Table View...40 Vlan TpGroup Table View...40 INDEX 42 Device Management Page 4 Bridging Applications

5 Introduction This section summarizes the contents of this document, which is one of a set of documents describing SPECTRUM applications. This section also provides references to the other applications documents. This section covers the following topics: Purpose and Scope Other Applications Documents Summary of This Document (Page 6) Purpose and Scope This document defines the fields displayed in the views associated with a category of SPECTRUM applications called bridging applications, which includes applications such as Spanning Tree and PPP Bridging. In all cases, the views and fields described in this document are accessed from the Icon Subviews menu of the application models displayed in the Main Applications view. Other Applications Documents Table 1 lists the documents that cover the other categories of SPECTRUM applications. In addition to the documents listed in the table, the document MIBs and the Applications View provides an introduction to the Application view and defines MIB functions in network management. All of these documents (and others) are available on the Aprisma Web site at: Table 1: Document Title Other Applications Documents Typical Applications Technology Applications APPN, ATM, DHCP Transmissions Applications MIB-II Applications Routing Applications FDDI, Frame Relay, Ethernet, Token Ring SNMP, ICMP, TCP OSPF, VRRP, BGP4 Device Management Page 5 Bridging Applications

6 Introduction Bridges are generally more flexible and intelligent than repeaters because they not only interconnect separate LAN or WAN data links but they learn addresses of nodes that can be reached over each data link. Traffic can then be relayed selectively across each bridge. The bridging function operates in the MAC sublayer and is transparent to layers above the MAC sublayer. Bridges can interconnect networks using different transmission techniques or MAC methods. A bridge can connect a LAN data link to a WAN telecommunications operation. Multiple bridges can be used to interconnect a series of networks. A pair of bridges with a telecommunications entity located between them can interconnect two different LAN locations. Individual LAN data links that are interconnected via a bridge are considered to be a single subnetwork. Subnetwork station addresses must be unique and must use the same station address format. An Extended LAN is actually a LAN subnetwork constructed of bridges and is different from a single physical LAN. Operating layers above the MAC sublayer view the Extended LAN as if it were a single LAN data link. A bridge can implement a frame filtering mechanism (or filtering bridge) to receive all Summary of This Document frames that are transmitted over each attached data link. Based on each frame s destination address, the bridge determines if each frame can be transmitted across the bridge to any other attached data links. A bridge can therefore isolate network traffic generated on a LAN data link from other LAN data links in the Extended LAN. Broadcast traffic generated on one LAN is transmitted across a bridge to other data links to which it is attached; traffic generated by any station is received by all stations on the Extended LAN. Summary of This Document The rest of this document describes the following applications: Ethernet Special Database Application (Page 7) Spanning Tree Application (Page 11) Static Application (Page 15) Transparent Application (Page 18) PPP Bridging Application (Page 22) Source Routing Application (Page 25) Translation Application (Page 28) QBridge Application (Page 31) Device Management Page 6 Bridging Applications

7 Ethernet Special Database Application This application lets you filter packets through a bridge port using a filtering scheme. You can configure filters established in the Ethernet Special Database to filter on any part of a packet except its header. You can filter on the following: Information within a packet, i.e., source address, destination address, Ethernet data type, and data (including the offset). Any port designated as a receiver port (where the packets are filtered). Bridging activity on the device s bridge ports, e.g., forwarding and filtering. One application-specific subview is available for the Ethernet Special Database application, namely, the Ethernet Special Database Table View. Ethernet Special Database Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the CtBdgEnet_App, select Ethernet Special Database. This view provides information about Ethernet Special Database filters, including which ports receive packets and which ports have special filtered packets forwarded to them. The fields and filter buttons are described below. In this view, you can manipulate table entries, create and delete filters, and modify filter-to-port mappings. The table displays filter information and allows you to modify these filters by doubleclicking on an entry to access the Special Database Filter View (Page 9). Double clicking on an entry in this view displays the Filter-To-Port Mapping Table View (Page 9) which displays pairing information between filters and ports and also lets you modify the filters. Device Management Page 7 Bridging Applications

8 Ethernet Special Database Application Filter Number Displays the number of the currently selected filter. The possible range is from 1 to 19. State Allows you to Enable or Disable the filter. Offset Indicates the offset (in bytes, from the beginning of the data in the packet) where the Data Mask will be applied (valid range is ). The default for this field is zero (no data offset). An example of a valid offset to enter into this field is Destination Address Displays a 6-byte hexadecimal field for the filter which can be used to mask out Ethernet Destination Addresses. This field allows you to configure the filter to search outgoing packets according to their destination. The destination address must be entered as a MAC address. Total Ethernet Filters This field indicates the number of configured Ethernet or Token Ring Filters. The default value is nineteen, the maximum number of filters that can be created for use in the Ethernet or Token Ring Special Database. Ethernet Special Database Table View If No Match Click on this button to display the outcome if an incoming or outgoing packet does not match an established Ethernet Special Database filter. Possible selections are: SearchFDB, Filter, and Forward. Enter Filter. ReceivePort Enter a filter number and an associated filter port into this field before clicking on any buttons in this section. Create/View Filter-To-Port Entry Click on this button to access the Ethernet Special Database Filter-To-Port Mapping View. This view allows you to modify the filter number, port number, and ports to which filtered packets should be forwarded. Delete Filter-To-Port Entry Click on this button to access the Ethernet Special Database Delete Filter-To-Port Mapping View, in which you can delete a Filter-To-Port entry. Device Management Page 8 Bridging Applications

9 Ethernet Special Database Application Special Database Filter View Access: Double-click on a Filter Information Table entry in the Ethernet Special Database Tables View. This view allows you to modify filters in the Ethernet Special Database and also allows you to designate what the filter is configured to search for in a packet. Clicking on the Apply, Read, or Clear buttons completes the modification process (Cancel closes the dialog box without saving changes). Filter Number Displays the number of the currently selected filter. Possible range is 1 to 19. State Allows you to enable or disable the filter. Offset Indicates the offset (in bytes, from the beginning of the data in the packet) where the Data Mask will be applied (valid range is ). The default for this field is zero (no data offset). An example of a valid offset is Destination Address Displays a 6-byte hexadecimal field for the filter which can be used to mask out Ethernet Destination Addresses. This field allows you to configure the filter to search outgoing packets Ethernet Special Database Table View according to their destination. The destination address must be entered as a MAC address. Source Address Displays a 6-byte hexadecimal field for the filter which can be used to mask out Ethernet Destination Addresses. This field allows you to configure the filter to search incoming packets according to their source. The source address must be entered as a MAC address. Type Displays the Ethernet Special Database Tables View. This hexadecimal 2-byte filter field can be used to mask out a specified protocol type field. Examples of protocol type are: 0800 = TCP/IP, 8137 = Novell, 0bad = Banyan, 80f3 = AppletalkARP. Data Window Displays the hexadecimal 64-byte field used to mask out the packet information. Filter-To-Port Mapping Table View Access: Double-click on a Filter-To-Port Mapping Table entry in the Ethernet Special Database Tables View, or click the Create/View Filter-To-Port Entry button. This view displays pairing information between filters and ports. You can Sort, Find, or Update Device Management Page 9 Bridging Applications

10 Ethernet Special Database Application this view, and modify these filters in the Delete Filter-To-Port Mapping Table View (Page 10). Filter Specifies which of the nineteen filters is referenced for use in the Filter-To-Port Mapping Table. Receive Port Specifies the port receiving packets. Ports To Be Forwarded To Displays the ports to which packets meeting filter requirements are sent. Ethernet Special Database Table View Delete Entry Click on this button to display the Filter-To-Port pairing entry specified in the FilterNumber. PortNumber field (shown above). Delete Filter-To-Port Mapping Table View Access: Click on the Delete Filter-To-Port Entry button in the Ethernet Special Database View. This table displays pairing information for filters and ports. Double-clicking on an entry accesses the Cabletron Bridge Ethernet Special Database Filter-To-Port Mapping View in which you can make modifications. FilterNumber.PortNumber Displays index pairing information for the filter and port numbers used by the Ethernet Special Database. Specify which Filter-To-Port entry to delete. Device Management Page 10 Bridging Applications

11 Spanning Tree Application A spanning tree bridge learns appropriate routes from frames and ensures all bridges are using the same network topology. This section describes the views available from this application. Spanning tree bridges are used to form tree structures in which any two stations on an extended LAN are connected by one active path. A spanning tree bridge is transparent to ordinary stations on the interconnected LANs. To create and maintain the spanning tree, each bridge periodically multicasts Hello frames to all other bridges on the extended LAN. These frames are used to calculate the spanning tree and ensure all bridges are using the same topology. Redundant links are not used. If a bridge or link failure occurs, the Hello frame transmissions allow the bridges to quickly calculate a new spanning tree. Spanning Tree Information View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the Span_Tree_App icon, select Spanning Tree. Protocol The spanning tree algorithm for this device. Possible selections are 802.1d (802.1 compliant spanning tree algorithm environment), DEC_LANBridge _100 (DEC LAN Bridge 100 environment), and None (no spanning tree algorithm enabled). The default is 802.1d. Root Bridge The Ethernet address of the bridge currently functioning as the root bridge. Root Cost The value or cost of the data path from the device to the root bridge. Device Management Page 11 Bridging Applications

12 Spanning Tree Application Bridge Priority The part of the device ID that contains the identifier used in the spanning tree for priority comparisons. You can specify an allowed range of 0 through FFFF. The default is Bridge Max Age The maximum time, displayed in hundredths of a second, that a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) can exist before it is discarded if a bridge is the root or is attempting to become the root. The default is 20 seconds. Bridge Hello Time When the bridge is the root bridge, or is attempting to become the root, this field indicates the length of time, in hundredths of a second, that the bridge waits between sending configuration BPDUs. The default value for this field is 2 seconds. Bridge Forward Delay The length of time, displayed in hundredths of a second, that the device spends in the listening or learning state, when moving to the forwarding state. The root bridge on the network sets Bridge Forward Delay. You can modify this, but the new value only takes affect if the device is the root bridge. Spanning Tree Information View Root Port The number of the port that provides the lowest cost path to the root bridge. Last Topology Change The time, displayed in days+hours: minutes:seconds, that has elapsed since the bridge s Topology Change Flag last recorded the value of a topology change. Topology Changes The number of times the bridge s Topology Change Flag has changed since initializing or powering up the bridge. Max Age The maximum age of received protocol information before discard. Max Age is displayed in hundredths of a second. Hello Time Indicates, in hundredths of a second, the length of time the root bridge or bridge attempting to become the root waits before resending configuration BPDUs. Hold Time The minimum time elapsing between the transmission of configuration BPDUs through a given bridge port, displayed in hundredths of a second. Device Management Page 12 Bridging Applications

13 Spanning Tree Application Forward Delay The time delay in switching from the blocking state to the listening state, or the time spent in the learning state while moving from the listening state to the forwarding state. Spanning Tree Port Table This table provides configuration information for each of the device s ports. Double-click on an entry to access the Spanning Tree Port Configuration View and port-specific information. Spanning Tree Port Configuration View Access: Double-click any Spanning Tree Port Table entry in the Spanning Tree Information View. This view describes configuration information for each of the device s ports and allows you to enable/disable the port or modify the port configuration. Port Number The device s bridging port number. Port Status Toggle this between enabled and disabled to change the port status. Spanning Tree Port Configuration View Port Priority The network port priority, which is one of the values used by the Spanning Tree Algorithm to choose a root for the device. A lower number indicates a higher priority. The default is 80; the allowable range is 0 to 255. Port Path Cost The portion of the total path cost that is associated with this port. In a parallel bridge network, the Spanning Tree Algorithm selects the bridge with the lowest path cost as the root bridge. The allowable range is 1 to The default is 100 for Ethernet and 10 for FDDI. Port State See Table 2 (Page 14) for traffic state of the port values. Device Management Page 13 Bridging Applications

14 Spanning Tree Application Value Disabled Learning Listening Forwarding Blocking Broken Table 2: Port State Values Definition Management has disabled the port. No traffic can be received or forwarded while the port is disabled. The device is learning network addresses. The Learning state occurs when the device s Acquired Database is created during start-up or reconfiguration. The device is not adding information to the Filtering Database but is monitoring BDPU traffic while preparing to move from the Learning to Forwarding state. The device is on-line and this port is forwarding traffic. The port will not forward any traffic. The port is malfunctioning. Spanning Tree Port Configuration View Designated Bridge (for the segment to which this port is attached). This value is used as the Root Identifier parameter in all Bridge Configuration PDUs originated by this node. Designated Cost The path cost of the Designated Port of the segment connected to this port. Designated Bridge The identifier of the bridge that is assumed to be the root on the network. Designated Port The number of the port that offers the lowest cost path from the device to the root bridge. Forward Transitions The number of times the port has changed from the learning state to the forwarding state. Designated Root The identifier of the bridge recorded as the root in Configuration BPDUs transmitted by the Device Management Page 14 Bridging Applications

15 Static Application Static bridging deals with destination-address filtering. This section describes the views available from the Static Bridging application. Static bridging allows you to create an entry that stays in the static routing table without aging out or being removed should a device be powered off. The Static Group (one of the five groups within RFC 1286, the Bridge MIB) contains objects that describe the entity s state with respect to destination-address filtering. If destinationaddress filtering is not supported this group will not be implemented. This group is applicable to any type of bridge which performs destinationaddress filtering. There is one application-specific subview available for the Static Bridging application from the Static_App Icon Subviews menu, the Static Database Table View. Further subviews can be obtained by double-clicking an entry in the Static Database Table View. Static Database Table View Access: Select Static Table from the Static_App Icon Subviews Menu. The Static Database Table View provides information on packets forwarded to a specific destination address. The Static Database Table contains destination-address filtering information configured into the bridge by local or network management. The table specifies the settings of ports allowed to forward frames received from specific ports and containing specific destination addresses. Double-clicking on a table entry accesses the Static Database Entry View, which allows you to modify table values. Enter MAC Address.Receive Port Specify the pairing of a MAC (physical) address with a receiving port database entry. This information must be entered into the field before clicking on the Create a Static Database Entry button. Device Management Page 15 Bridging Applications

16 Static Application Create a Static Database Entry Click on this button to access the Create a Static Database Entry View. This view allows you to modify the MAC address for the receive port pairing and the status of the entry. Static Database Entry View Access: Double-click a Static Database Table entry in the Static Database Table. This view displays the same fields as the Static Database Table, but allows you to modify a table entry s values. Destination Address The unicast, multicast, or broadcast Destination MAC address to which this entry s filtering information applies. Receive Port The port number from which a frame must be received for this entry s filtering information to apply. The frame will be forwarded to the port that was selected in this view. A value of zero indicates that this entry applies to all ports on the device for which there is no other entry. Ports To Be Forwarded To The set of ports to which frames received from a specific port and destined for a specific MAC Static Database Table View address are allowed to be forwarded. If no port is selected, the frame is filtered. A value of zero indicates this entry applies to all ports on the device for which there is no other entry. Status Click to configure the entry residing in the Static Database. Table 3 (Page 17) shows possible values. Device Management Page 16 Bridging Applications

17 Static Application Other Invalid Value Permanent Delete_On_Reset Table 3: Status Definition Indicates this entry is currently in use, and the conditions under which it will remain in use are different from each of the following values. Writing this value to the object removes the corresponding entry. Indicates this entry is currently in use, and will remain in use after the next reset of the device. Indicates this entry is currently in use, and will remain in use until the next reset of the device. Delete_On_Timeout Indicates this entry is currently in use, and will remain in use until agedout. Static Database Table View Creating a Static Database Entry To add a Static Database Table entry, follow these steps: 1 Enter a valid address in the MACAddress.ReceivePort field. Use 0 for both, 1 for FDDI, and 2 for ENET. The MACAddress.Receive Port entry 1D is a valid example. 2 Select Save All Changes from the File menu. 3 Click on the Create a Static Database Entry button to access the Create a Static Database Entry View. 4 In this view s Ports To Be Forwarded To area, select a port other than the one you specified in the new MACAddress.ReceivePort field. 5 Select the desired status for the port. 6 Select Save All Changes from the File menu. The new Static Table entry will now appear in the Static Database Table. Device Management Page 17 Bridging Applications

18 Transparent Application Transparent bridges learn the network s topology by analyzing the source address of incoming frames and can reduce the volume of traffic seen on an individual segment of the network. This section describes the views available from the Transparent Bridging application. Transparent bridges operate in a manner that is transparent to network hosts. A transparent bridge learns the network s topology by analyzing the source address of incoming frames from all attached networks. From this process, it builds a table, which it then uses as a basis for traffic forwarding. When a frame is received on one of the bridge s interfaces, the bridge looks up the frame s destination address in its internal table. If the table contains an association between the destination address and any of the bridge s ports, aside from the one on which the frame was received, the frame is forwarded out the indicated port. If no association is found, the frame is sent to all ports except the inbound port. Broadcasts and multicasts are also flooded in this way. Two main application-specific views are available for the Transparent Bridging (Transparnt_App) application: Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table Transparent Bridge Information View (Page 19) Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table The Transparnt_App application icon provides access to the Transparent Bridge Information View, which displays status and identification data for bridging source and destination ports. The Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table, shows this table. Device Management Page 18 Bridging Applications

19 Transparent Application Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table Access: From the Icon Subviews menu of the CT_Tp_Appl icon, select Transparent Table. Source Port The source port in this connection from which packets are being sent. Destination Port The destination port in this connection to which packets are sent. Forward Packets The total number of packets being sent from the Source port to the Destination port. State The state of the connection between this source port and the final destination port. Values are Enabled or Disabled. Transparent Bridge Information View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu of the Transparnt_App icon, select Bridge Information. This view displays two tables with data on transparent bridge ports and bridge operation. Total Ports Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table The number of ports controlled by this transparent bridging entity. Learned Entry Discards The total number of Forward Database entries not learned and discarded due to a lack of space in the Forward Database. If this value is increasing, it indicates the Forward Database is regularly becoming full and is degrading performance. If this value is high but not presently increasing, it indicates that there is a problem but it is not significant. Aging Time The time-out period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding information. This value can be modified. MAC Address The physical address of the device. Bridge Type The type of bridging performed by this device. Possible bridging types are: Unknown, Transparent, and Sourceroute. Port Table The Port Table provides information for every port associated with transparent bridging. Device Management Page 19 Bridging Applications

20 Transparent Application Port The number of the transparent bridging port. Max Info The maximum size of non-mac frames this port can receive or transmit. Inframes The number of frames that have been received by this port. Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table information. A value of zero indicates that the destination address port number has not yet been learned by the device. Status The status of the Forward Database entry. Possible values are shown in Table 4 (Page 21). Outframes The number of frames transmitted by this port. In Discards The number of valid frames received by this port but discarded by the Forwarding Process. Forwarding Database table The Forwarding Database table provides information on unicast MAC addresses, for which the bridge has forwarding or filtering information, and is used by the Transparent Bridging function to determine how to forward frames. MAC Address A unicast MAC address for which the bridge has forwarding or filtering information. Port The port number of a unicast MAC address for which the bridge has forwarding or filtering Device Management Page 20 Bridging Applications

21 Transparent Application Transparent Bridging Port Pair Table Table 4: Status Values Value Other Invalid Learned Self Management Definition None of the Following. This entry would include the situation where some MIB object other than that specified in the Forward Database or Static Table is being used to determine how frames addressed to the entry specified in the MAC address field are being forwarded. This entry is no longer valid (e.g., it was learned but has since aged-out) but has not been removed from the table. This entry indicates that the value specified in the Port field was learned and is being used. Indicates that the address specified in the MAC address field is one of the device s addresses and the port specified in the Port files address. Indicates that the address specified in the MAC address field is also an existing destination address in the Static Table. Device Management Page 21 Bridging Applications

22 PPP Bridging Application This section provides a description of the PPP Bridging sub-applications. Interfaces configured for Point-To-Point Bridging are described in this application section. Four application-specific subviews are available for the PPP Bridge application. From the PPP_BdgApp1474 Icon Subviews menu access the: PPP Bridge Configuration Table View PPP Bridge Table View (Page 23) PPP Bridge Media Table (Page 23) PPP Bridge Media Configuration Table (Page 24) These views are described in the following sections. Note The Point-To-Point (PPP) application is only present if an interface on an installed BRIM is configured for PPP. PPP Bridge Configuration View This view provides information on Bridge Network Protocol. You can update and sort the information contained in the table. PPP Bridge Configuration Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu of the PPP_BdgApp1474, select Configuration. Admin Status Indicates whether administrative open or close events exist in the bridging network protocol s finite state machine. Tinygram Compress Indicates whether the local Bridge Configuration Network Protocol (BCNP) entity will initiate the Tinygram Compression Option. Device Management Page 22 Bridging Applications

23 PPP Bridging Application Ring ID Option Indicates whether the local PPP entity will initiate the Remote Ring Identification Option negotiation. Line ID Option Indicates whether the local PPP entity will initiate the Tinygram Compression Option. LAN ID Option Indicates whether the local PPP entity will initiate the LAN Identification Option negotiation. PPP Bridge Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the PPP_BdgApp1474 icon, select Bridge Table. This view provides information on the Bridge Network Protocol. You can update and sort the information contained in the table. Admin Status This field displays the operational status of the Bridge Network Protocol. Possible values are: Closed or Open. Local Tinygram Compress This field indicates whether the local node will perform Tinygram Compression when sending packets to the remote entity. PPP Bridge Configuration View Remote Tinygram Compress This field indicates whether the remote entity is expected to perform Tinygram Compression when sending packets to the local node. Local LAN ID This field indicates whether the local node will include the LAN Identification field in transmitted packets. Remote LAN ID Indicates whether the remote entity has indicated that it will include the LAN Identification field in transmitted packets. PPP Bridge Media Table Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the PPP_BdgApp1474 icon, select Media Tables. The PPP Bridge Media Table View identifies which MAC media types are enabled for the bridging network control programs. The view contains two tables: the PPP Bridge Media Table, and the PPP Bridge Media Configuration Table. MAC Type The Medium Access Control (MAC) type for which this entry is providing status information. Options are: IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, IEEE 802.5, and FDDI. Device Management Page 23 Bridging Applications

24 PPP Bridging Application Local Status Indicates whether the local PPP Bridging entity is accepting or not accepting packets. These are MAC-type packets identified on the PPP Link for the Interface Index. Remote Status Indicates whether the local PPP Bridging entity recognizes the remote PPP Bridging entity is accepting or not accepting packets. These are MAC-type packets identified on the PPP Link for the Interface Index. PPP Bridge Configuration View Local Status Indicates whether the local PPP Bridging entity is accepting or not accepting packets, or the MACtype identified on the PPP Link for the Interface Index. PPP Bridge Media Configuration Table Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the PPP_BdgApp1474 icon, select Media Tables. The PPP Bridge Media Configuration Table identifies which MAC media types are enabled for the bridging network control programs. MAC Type Indicates the Medium Access Control (MAC) type for which this entry is providing status information. Options are: IEEE 802.3, II802.4, IEEE 802.5, and FDDI. Device Management Page 24 Bridging Applications

25 Source Routing Application This section describes the Source Routing Application, which contains utilization statistics derived from source routing. This information may be present in bridging token ring packets, and may affect a specific token ring interface. The Source Routing data is collected from the source routing information potentially present in any token ring packet. This information can be present in a transparent bridging or a mixed bridging environment, and can only be valid in a pure source route bridging environment. This section provides descriptions for three application-specific tables. These tables are: Source Route Port Pair Table View (Page 25) Source Route Bridge Configuration Table View (Page 26) Source Route Bridge Statistics Table View (Page 26) Source Route Port Pair Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the CT_Sr_App icon, select Source Route Table. This view provides configuration information for the bridge ports and bridge path. You can Update, Sort, and Search the table. Doubleclicking any table entry opens the Source Route Port Configuration Table. Source Port Provides source routing information for this source port. Destination Port Provides source routing information for this destination port. Pair Packets Displays the number of packets forwarded by the source route bridge from the source port to the destination port. Device Management Page 25 Bridging Applications

26 Source Routing Application Pair State Displays the state of the source router bridging on this port pair. Source Route Bridge Configuration Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the CT_Sr_App icon, select Configuration. This view allows you to modify the port values displayed in the Source Route Bridge Configuration Table. Bridge Type The bridge routing type. Types are: Transparent, SourceRouting, and SourceRoutingTransparent. Port The number identifying the port which contains Source Route management information. Bridge Number Uniquely identifies the bridge when more than one bridge is used to span the same two segments. Ring In Number A number that uniquely identifies the segment to which this port is connected. Source Route Port Pair Table View Ring Out Number Identifies the segment number that corresponds to the target segment to which this port is connected. Hop Count The number of routing descriptors allowed in an All Paths or Spanning Tree Explorer frame. Largest Frame Determines how the port behaves when presented with a Spanning Tree Explorer frame. When disabled the port will not send or receive any Spanning Tree Explorer packets. Valid values are: Auto-span, Disabled, or Force. STE Span Mode Returns Auto-span. Source Route Bridge Statistics Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the CT_Sr_App icon, select Statistics. Port Port showing Source Route management statistics. Spec In Received frames specifically routed over this port s segment. Device Management Page 26 Bridging Applications

27 Source Routing Application APE In All Paths Explorer frames received over this port s segment. STE In Spanning Tree Explorer frames received over this port s segment. Spec Out Specifically routed frames transmitted over this port s segment. STE Out Spanning Tree Explorer frames transmitted over this port s segment. Seg Out ST Explorer frames that have been discarded by this port because the routing descriptor field contained an invalid adjacent segment value. Seg Mismatch Number of ST Explorer frames discarded by this port because the routing descriptor field contained an invalid adjacent segment value. DupSegs Number of ST Explorer frames discarded by this port; the routing descriptor field contained a duplicate segment identifier. Source Route Port Pair Table View HopCountExceeds Number of ST Explorer frames discarded by this port because the Routing Information Field has exceeded the maximum route descriptor length. Device Management Page 27 Bridging Applications

28 Translation Application This section describes the views available from the Translation Bridging application. Translation bridging provides solutions to problems between transparent bridging and source-route domains. Translation Bridging provides a means for reordering source and destination address bits when translating between Ethernet and Token Ring frame formats. Translational bridging can create a software gateway between two domains. For example, to a source-route bridge (SRB) end station, a translational bridge has a ring and bridge number associated with it, and therefore looks like a standard SRB. To the transparent bridging domain, a translational bridge is another transparent bridge. Token Ring To Ethernet Translation View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the CT_Trans_App icon, select Translation. This table contains SAP (Service Access Point) values of IBM protocols the bridge uses to translate Token Ring IEEE without Sub Network Access Protocol (SNAP), to Ethernet. You can update and sort the table information. Auto Mode Defines whether translation mode is enabled. Auto translation occurs when a bridge learns from the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) ports which frame format a source address is using. The frame format is either Ethernet or IEEE with SNAP (Sub Network Access Protocol). This allows the bridge to translate a Token Ring packet into the learned format in preparation for its arrival at the learned address. Dual Mode Defines whether dual translation mode is enabled. Dual translation occurs when a bridge has not learned the frame format and translates the Token Ring broadcast, or multicast broadcast, into both CSMA/CD frame formats (e.g., Ethernet or IEEE with SNAP). This Device Management Page 28 Bridging Applications

29 Translation Application allows the bridge to prepare a packet for arrival at its destination. Help Click on this button to access online information regarding translation bridging. Protocol Translations This panel contains fields that allow for the selection of a CSMA/CD frame format for the bridge to use when translating various types of packets. Table 5 shows the possible values, which can be overridden by the learned format when auto mode is enabled and the format has been learned. Novell IP Value Table 5: Appletalk ARP Novell H/W Addr Bit Order Protocol Translations Definition Translates a Novell Token Ring packet to IEEE SNAP or Ethernet. Translates an IP Token Ring packet (including ARPs) to IEEE SNAP or Ethernet. Translates an AppleTalk ARP Token Ring packet to IEEE SNAP or Ethernet. Translates according to the bit ordering of the hardware addresses located in the data field of a Novell Token Ring packet. Possible choices are LeastSignificantBit and MostSignificantBit. IBM Translation Table This table contains SAP (Service Access Point) values of IBM protocols that the bridge uses to translate from Token Ring (IEEE without SNAP) to Ethernet. Double-click on an entry in this table to access the IBM Protocol Translation View. Device Management Page 29 Bridging Applications

30 Translation Application Snap Translation Table This table contains Ethernet type entries that the bridge uses to translate from Token Ring (IEEE with SNAP) to a CSMA/CS packet. Doubleclick on an entry in this table to access the Snap Packet Translation View. IBM Protocol Translation View Access: Double-click on an IBM Translation Table entry in the Token Ring To Ethernet Translation View. Index This is the unique value for an entry in the Token Ring to Ethernet Translation table for IBM protocols. The range of values for this field is 1 to 20. Protocol SAP This indicates the SAP value of an IBM protocol. The bridge uses this value to translate all Token Ring IEEE packets without a SNAP header, but having this SAP value, to Ethernet packets with the Ethernet type field set to 80D5. The range of values for this field is 0 to FF. State When enabled, State indicates that this entry in the IBM Translation Table will be used in the bridge s translation decisions. SNAP Packet Translation View Access: Double-click on a Snap Packet Translation Table entry in the Token Ring To Ethernet Translation View. This table contains Ethernet type entries that the bridge uses to translate from Token Ring (IEEE with SNAP) to a CSMA/CD packet. You can update and sort the information contained in the table. Snap Format Indicates the format into which the packet is to be translated. This is either Ethernet, or IEEE with SNAP. Index The unique value for an entry in the Token Ring to Ethernet Translation table for Ethernet field types. The range of values for this field is 1 to 20. Snap Type Indicates the Ethernet field type value. The bridge uses this value to translate all Token Ring IEEE packets with a SNAP header that have this Ethernet field type, to the format specified. The format for values in this field is 0 to FF. State When enabled, State indicates that this entry in the Snap Translation Table is used in the bridge s translation decisions. Device Management Page 30 Bridging Applications

31 QBridge Application This section describes the views associated with the qbridge_app. This application is derived from the VLAN Bridge MIB module for managing virtual bridged LANs, as defined by IEEE 802.1Q The application lets you access the following views: General Configuration View Current Vlan Table View (Page 32) Vlan Static Table View (Page 33) Vlan Statistics View (Page 34) Vlan HC Statistics View (Page 35) Vlan Unicast View (Page 36) Vlan Multicast View (Page 36) Forward All Table View (Page 37) Forward All Unregistered Table View (Page 38) Port Vlan Table (Page 39) Learning Constraints Table View (Page 40) Vlan TpGroup Table View (Page 40) General Configuration View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the qbridge_app icon, select Configuration. This view provides the following fields. Next Free Local Vlan Index A value used to index VLANs in tables. Values of 0 and 4095 are not permitted. If the value is between 1 and 4094, inclusive, it represents an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-ID with global scope within a given bridged domain. If the value is greater than 4095, it represents a VLAN with scope local to the particular agent, i.e., one without a global VLAN- ID assigned to it. Such VLANs are outside the scope of IEEE 802.1Q but it is convenient to be able to manage them in the same way using this application. Vlan Num Deletes The number of times a VLAN entry has been deleted from the Vlan Current Table for any reason. If an entry is deleted, then inserted, and Device Management Page 31 Bridging Applications

32 QBridge Application then deleted, this counter will be incremented by two. Gvrp Status The state of GVRP operation on this device, either enabled or disabled. Vlan Version Number The version number of IEEE 802.1Q Vlan that this device supports. Max VlanId The maximum version number of the IEEE 802.1Q Vlan that this device supports, e.g., Max Supported Vlans The maximum number of IEEE 802.1Q Vlans that this device can support. Number of Vlans The number of IEEE 802.1Q Vlans supported by this device. Vlan Fdb Provides access to a window permitting you to view and print out a listing of the Fdb dynamic count, which is the current number of dynamic entries in the filtering database. The Vlan TpFdb Table provides the Tpfdb status of the instances of the port (i.e., Instance, Port, Current Vlan Table View Status). The possible values for Status are other, invalid, learned, self, and mgmt. Current Vlan Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the qbridge_app icon, select Static/Current VLAN > Current Table. This table contains current configuration information for VLANs currently configured into the device by local or network management, or VLANs dynamically created as a result of GVRP requests received. The view contains the following fields. Instance The VLAN identifier referring to this VLAN. Egress Ports The set of ports that are transmitting traffic for this VLAN as either tagged or untagged frames. FdbId The Filtering Database used by this VLAN. This is one of the values in the dot1qfdbtable in the MIB. This value is allocated automatically by the device whenever the VLAN is created, either dynamically by GVRP or by Bell, et al. Device Management Page 32 Bridging Applications

33 QBridge Application Untagged Ports The set of ports that are transmitting traffic for this VLAN as untagged frames. Status The status of this entry. Possible values for this entry are found in Table 6. Other Value Permanent dynamicgvrp Table 6: Status Valus Definition This entry is currently in use but the conditions under which it will remain so differ from the following values. This entry, corresponding to an entry in dot1qvlanstatictable in the MIB, is currently in use and will remain so after the next reset of the device. The port lists for this entry include ports from the equivalent dot1qvlanstatictable entry in the MIB and ports learned dynamically. This entry is currently in use by Bell, et al. Vlan Static Table View Creation Time The value of sysuptime when this VLAN was created. Vlan Static Table View Access: From the Icon Subviews menu for the qbridge_app icon, select Static/Current VLAN > Vlan Static. This table contains static configuration information for each VLAN configured into the device by local or network management. All entries are permanent and will be restored after the device is reset. The table contains the following fields. Name An administratively assigned string that may be used to identify the VLAN. Egress Ports The set of ports that are permanently assigned to the egress list for this VLAN by management. Changes to a bit in this MIB object affect the perport per-vlan registrar control for registration fixed for the relevant GVRP state machine on each port. A port may not be added in this set if it is already a member of the set of ports in Forbidden Ports. The default value of this field is a string of zeros of appropriate length, indicating not fixed. Device Management Page 33 Bridging Applications